Computer Organization

What are Registers?

Circuits as memory

Speed and Capacity

Three Parts of a Processor

Main Memory Time Scale

Summary

Size of a Memory Location

Evaluating an Unsigned Integer

Registers

Intro

Building a single bit of memory

Intro

BAR Register

BAR Register Format

Bridge header

Aperture programming

Base and limit logistics

Minimum size of aperture

Bridge memory range

Conclusion

Enumeration

Type 0 header

Prefetch Channel

Prefetch

Mapping to system memory

Base and Limit Register

Memory limit

Configuration Registers

Calculating memory map

Conclusion

Role of CPU in a computer

What is computer memory? What is cell address?

Read-only and random access memory.

What is BIOS and how does it work?

What is address bus?

What is control bus? RD and WR signals.

What is data bus? Reading a byte from memory.

What is address decoding?

Decoding memory ICs into ranges.

How does addressable space depend on number of address bits?

Decoding ROM and RAM ICs in a computer.

Hexadecimal numbering system and its relation to binary system.

Using address bits for memory decoding

CS, OE signals and Z-state (tri-state output)

Building a decoder using an inverter and the A15 line

Reading a writing to memory in a computer system.

Contiguous address space. Address decoding in real computers.

How does video memory work?

Decoding input-output ports. IORQ and MEMRQ signals.

Adding an output port to our computer.

How does the 1-bit port using a D-type flip-flop work?

ISA и PCI buses. Device decoding principles.

Memory Type

I/O Contact 'P'

Internal Contact 'M'

Keep Relay 'K'

System Flag 'F'

Data Register 'D'

Special Module Register 'U'

Special Register 'U'

Timer 'T'

Counter 'C'

Index 'Z'

Double Data Rate memory is different from previous memory modules in that it sends data on the rise and fall of the timing signal. The timing signal is generated by the memory controller and is sent to the memory module to control when commands and data are sent or received. As you can see, at the high and low point of the timing signal, data is sent. Before this, data was sent once for a full rise and fall of the timing signal. Essentially this method allows twice as much data to be sent and thus the name, Double Data Rate.

The first standard of DDR otherwise was known as DDR1. DDR1 is not listed as a current exam objective, but I think it is good to look at it to give us an understanding of how far we have come.

To understand how prefetch works, let’s have a look at how it works in a memory module. In a memory module, consider you have DRAM chips. Usually eight on each side for a total of 16. When accessing data from the DRAM chips, it is stored in a buffer.

Intro

Position Registers

Control Start

User Powercycle

Program Setup

Adding More Position Registers

Restarting the Robot

Cold Start

Conclusion

Review of File Register

Address range for file register

What is Access Bank

How to generate addresses?

Finding last address

Calculating maximum address of file register

Hexadecimal representation of bank 0

Addressing the bank

Address ranges of access bank

Bank Switching

Intro

Bit Registers

Compile and Download the program

Usage of special memories

Run the PLC

Memory Structure of PLC

DMOVR instruction to store a fractional or real number

Comparison instructions

Internal Clock Memory

Conclusion

Antecedentes

Introducción

Registro de Datos

Propiedades

Ejemplo

Implementación en Logisim

Funcionamiento como Contador

Visión General, Acumulador

Implementación en Protoboards

Funcionamiento

Configuración como Contador Ascendente

Configuración como Acumulador

Funcionamiento continuo en modo Contador Ascendente

Funcionamiento como Contador Descendente

Procesador de Datos y definición de Computador

La Mini Calculadora con Relés

Double Data Rate memory is different from previous memory modules in that it sends data on the rise and fall of the timing signal. The timing signal is generated by the memory controller and is sent to the memory module to control when commands and data are sent or received. As you can see, at the high and low point of the timing signal, data is sent. Before this, data was sent once for a full rise and fall of the timing signal. Essentially this method allows twice as much data to be sent and thus the name, Double Data Rate.

The first standard of DDR otherwise was known as DDR1. DDR1 is not listed as a current exam objective, but I think it is good to look at it to give us an understanding of how far we have come.

To understand how prefetch works, let’s have a look at how it works in a memory module. In a memory module, consider you have DRAM chips. Usually eight on each side for a total of 16. When accessing data from the DRAM chips, it is stored in a buffer.