Lithium

Why Should Lithium Matter

How Many Car Sales Are Evs

Benchmark Minerals and Intelligence

Lithium Triangle

China

Lithium and the Ev Markets Spotlight Differences between the Economic and Political Systems

International Summits

Barriers

Lithium and the energy transition

Global lithium reserves

The process

The communities

Water reserves

The investors

Lithium supply and China

The policymakers

Cornish mining revival

The markets

Chile's lithium policy

Direct lithium extraction

The indigenous perspective

Recycling batteries

The future

Opening Remarks

Lithium Supply Chain Issues

Key Objectives

Lithium Innovation

Supporting the Full Supply Chain

Q&A Session

Lithium Recycling

Lithium Battery Supply Chain Opportunities & Challenges

Q&A: What is the newsworthy thing your investment reveals?

Closing Remarks

Brad Hill - There Is but One Good.

Falls - Life in Binary

Chris Zabriskie - The Sun Is Scheduled To Come Out Again Tomorrow

Chris Zabriskie - Stories About The World That Once Was

Outside the Sky - Come Home

Indive - Trace Correction

Hell's Kitchen

Can Produce Enough Lithium To Support 5 Million Ev Batteries

Project Labor Agreements

Key To Transition to Zero Emission Vehicles

Sylvia Paz

Sustainability Is Important

Dr Raul Ruiz

Inflation Reduction Act

Plan To Work with Students

Nueces County Judge Connie Scott

Workforce

Battery Grade Lithium and Lithium Ore

Recycling

Production Cost

High Purity Lithium Hydroxide

The Shape of Lithium

Chemical Engineering

Battery Research

How Do Batteries Work?

The Difference Between Batteries

Battery Safety

Lithium Metal

Why the Shape of Lithium?

Benefit of the Shape

Removing Corrosive Process

NSF Funding

What's Next?

Introduction

Why batteries?

Battery technologies

How does a battery work?

Key performance metrics

Battery industry structure

Do we have good chemistry? Anodes, cathodes and electrolytes

What is the perfect cathode? LCO, LMO, LFO, NMC, NCA

How do we make batteries? Battery manufacturing

The C-rate and Amp-hours (Ah)

Discharge curves

Watt about energy?

Form factors - Prismatic, cylindrical and pouch cells

How do we make better batteries

Summary

Welcome, Brie Lindsey, PhD, CCST

Assemblymember Eduardo Garcia

Dr. James Blair, Cal Poly Ponoma

Dr. Maryjo Brounce, UC Riverside

Dr. Patrick Dobson, Berkeley Lab

Dr. Andrew Haddad, Berkeley Lab

Opening Question: Haven’t we known that lithium exists in geothermal brine for a while? Where is the current excitement about it coming from?

What does direct lithium extraction mean? How does it compare to other extraction methods?

What are the waste streams that will be generated from the process of lithium extraction? Are there opportunities for the recovery of other resources from the geothermal brine?

How much Lithium is estimated to reside in the Salton Sea brine?

How are Tribes and Indigenous communities near the Salton Sea being included and empowered through energy development efforts?

Are there differences in the amount and types of hazardous waste produced between DLE and more established technologies? Are there differences in terms of the public health and environmental impacts of these technologies?

How does brine chemistry change (or might it change) with reinjection and pumping (which at the Clayton Valley dilutes the brine)?

Are the extraction approaches economically competitive?

What are some unknowns involved in DLE, particularly operations details such as: (i) amount water usage; (ii) overmining the resource. What does this say about the potential hazard of proprietary information?

How does this method of lithium extraction compare, in terms of labor requirements and risk of worker abuse, to more typical lithium extraction techniques?

Who has the mineral rights to these geothermal brines? Is this resource already reserved for particular DLE companies or is it open to new upcoming DLE technologies?

Closing Question: What is one of the most important things you’d like for California’s policymakers to take away from this briefing? Or, if is there something else you’d like to share with the audience that we haven’t touched on today?

Sarah Brady, Interim CEO, CCST

Melissa Howlett, Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz)

Chris Benner, UC Santa Cruz

Alissa Kendall, UC Davis

John McMillan, San Diego State University

Venkat Srinivasan, Argonne National Laboratory

Opening Question: Lithium is just one component of batteries—what other critical minerals are necessary and how challenging is it to import them?

What is the recyclability of lithium in batteries from a technological and market standpoint?

How can the US effectively incentivize the onshoring of the lithium supply chain and what barriers are currently in place that prevent this? California, specifically?

How is the industry thinking about streamlining the transportation of refined lithium from the Salton Sea and other refineries in California to the next destination in the value chain?

How do the Circular Economy and Extended Producer Responsibility policy frameworks apply to creating a sustainable lithium supply chain and green collar jobs?

How can the chronic health problems associated with playa dust and related asthma issues be resolved in concert with workforce development?

How do you envision the new lithium tax being used to benefit the local community and its infrastructure and providing equity in lithium development?

How are supply chains considered in the carbon intensity score and is mining an activity that increases the CI of batteries?

How long before the US could be self-sustaining without importing lithium from other countries?

How is the lithium industry planning to partner and consult with indigenous communities to address environmental and public health issues and prevent the destruction of important cultural sites?

Closing Question: What recommendation would each of you have for policymakers in California when it comes to building and supporting a lithium battery supply chain?

Electrolyte

Degassing Machines

Piercing of the Titanium Collector

Safety

Where Are We Going To Refine

Final Words

Introduction

Lithium Supply-Demand Fundamentals

Lithium Volatility and Growth Potential

EV Manufacturers Investing in Lithium Mining

Could Sodium Ion Batteries Displace Lithium?

Overview of Eureka Lithium

Nunavik as a Jurisdiction

Legendary Prospector Shawn Ryan

KoBold Metals Next Door

Exploration Plans for 2024