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JOACHIM HOMANN Curator Bowdoin College Museum of Art
BARBARA ELIAS KLENNER Assistant Professor of Government
Self-proclaimed Islamic State also known as ISIS operational presence, mid-August 2015
Muhammad preaching his farewell sermon, from a 134-century manuscript of a scientific/historical treatise
Muhammad preaching his farewell sermon, from a 13 century manuscript of a scientific/historical treatise
Calligraphy on the dome of the great mosque of Isfahan. Even if you know Arabic, it's hard to read so high up. Thus the writing is functioning like an icon in that it effects a religious sentiment
Calligraphy on the dome of the great mosque of Isfahan. Even if you know Arabic, it's hard to read so high up. Thus, the writing is functioning like an icon in that is effects a religious sentiment
Calligraphy on the dome of the great mosque of Isfahan. Even if you know Arabic, it's hard to read so high up. Thus, the writing is functioning like an icon in that it effects a religious sentiment
The First Iconoclasm
Justinian II was an ambitious, brilliant and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories but he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father Constantine IV.
Such mutilation was common in Byzantine culture.
Constantine V The Copronymus
Leo IV was born on 25 January 750 AD to Emperor Constantine V and his first wife, Empress Tzitzak (çiçek) a Khazar princess, the daughter of khagan Bihar
At the beginning of his reign Leo made no attempt to continue his father's fierce Iconoclastic policy that forbade the use of icons (religious images). Instead he showed considerable moderation toward the proponents of icons.
Irene of Athens 752-9 August 803 AD
The Seventh Ecumenical Council met at Nicea in 787 and restored the Cult of Images
In 796 Constantine roused public opinion by divorcing his wife in order to marry his mistress, Theodote. Irene cleverly utilized this situation and in August 797 had Constantine deposed and blinded.
Irene's zeal in restoring icons and her patronage of monasteries ensured her a place among the saints of the Greek Orthodox Church. Her feast day is August 9.