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To understand SATA better, let’s first look what was used before SATA. Parallel AT Attachment or PATA was first developed in 1986. It used a 40-pin ribbon cable that could support two devices on the same cable. The cable transferred 16 bits at a time in parallel. It was powered by the Molex power plug. Traditionally the Molex connectors were white in color. Generally, you will find that power supplies sold on the market today will have a few Molex power connectors.
The SATA data connector is an L-shaped connector. This prevents it from being plugged in the wrong way. The data connector has seven pins. The data is transmitted using differential signaling. Differential signaling uses two wires to transfer data. This helps reduce noise and data corruption at high speeds – something that is essential when you are using serial communication. The other pins in the cable are ground pins.
The SATA drives use a new power connector. Like the data connector, this connector is an L-shaped connector, so you won’t be able to plug it in the wrong way. This power connector has 15 pins. It contains 12 and 5 volt pins that were traditionally provided by the Molex power connector. However, it also adds a 3.3 volt pins.