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Universal Serial Bus or USB was released in 1996. It provides connectors and cables to connect peripherals and devices. USB was originally designed to replace the PS/2 plug which was used for the keyboard and mouse.
At the heart of USB is the USB host controller. The USB host controller provides an interface to communicate with the hardware. Each host controller has one root hub. Regardless of how many USB controllers you have, the operating system will communicate with the USB controller using a standard interface.
USB has the ability for one port to be expanded to many ports. This is the same principal as a power strip. Shown here is a USB hub. This USB hub allows one USB connection to be split into four connections. USB hubs can be separate devices like this one or can be included in devices like computer monitors and keyboards.